Body Ritual among the Nacirema Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Body Ritual among the Nacirema - Essay Example It has also pulled in numerous anthropologists whose worry is to distinguish and to uncover the exceptional special practices (Murdock, p. 506) their practices grasp the cutoff points to which people’s conduct could investigate. The name Nacirema would be turned around to mean American and in that setting most of the pariahs really think of them as all out opposite because of their bizarre and remarkable practices. Notwithstanding that, the way of life of body custom among the Nacirema affirms that the body is very in a revolting state and is powerless against sicknesses and contaminations. These are a significant worry since man means to make the body engaging, more grounded and impervious to ailment. What's more, this they accept can be countered through a progression of customs and conventional functions. In regard to that, each family unit possesses a place of worship inside for these reasons. The measure of the places of worship possessed by a family would, in this manner be subject to their societal position and monetary profundity. For example, the plushness of a family depends on the quantity of ceremonial places of worship that they groups. Most places of the Nacirema gathering of people are made of wipe and wattle. Be that as it may, the places of worship are worked with solid glorious stones a delineation of the uncommon connections and contemplations of the shrines.this may appear t o be so open however the ceremonies of each off the record piece of information to its individuals. Among the numerous day by day body customs performed incorporate the mouth ceremony. It involves an addition of a littler hoard of hair pieces into the mouth went with a powder that is enchanted and at last running the pack in valuable formalized schedules of signals. Another mouth ritual, however done once or two times each year, is the private mouth custom. The system looks more alarming and is a visual torment to most anthropologists who set out to divulge the training. It includes more gear that comprises of tests, wood screws

Economic effects on high school media centers (libraries) Dissertation - 1

Financial consequences for secondary school media focuses (libraries) - Dissertation Example Or maybe, there are some who neglect to see the significance of having a refreshed, completely utilitarian library in each school which plans to deliver the psyches that will additionally build up the world. This factor has been a significant destruction for the framework, as each financial downturn in these territories costs these secondary school media focuses a noteworthy bit of their subsidizing. It is noteworthy to consider the various manners by which a downturn can influence the working of the world. This is on the grounds that the seriousness of a downturn can be relevant to the personal satisfaction in an economy, as it influences a few parts of the economy. As research appears, the impacts of a downturn are clear in a few significant monetary pointers, for example, genuine individual salary, retail deal and food administrations, mechanical creation and business (Gascon, 2009). Every one of these pointers show various manners by which the soundness of an economy can be estim ated. Investigating some different pointers, which are maybe not all that ordinarily used to quantify the prosperity of an economy, may help give a more profound viewpoint on how the economy capacities and influences individuals on an individual level. To comprehend the effect of a monetary downturn on the utilization and financing of library assets fills the need of such a marker. This is on the grounds that this factor speaks to a significant manner by which the network enables the adolescent to grow mentally and gain data all alone. Along these lines, estimating the consequences for this factor following a downturn shows how much the youth’s training is affected by a downturn stricken economy. In the event that exploration demonstrates a solid connection between the two factors, this signals the requirement for the administration and different specialists to screen the impacts of future downturns cautiously with the goal that they don't prompt gone harm. Impact on Role of Media Centers and Technicians The job of the media experts of such libraries watches a remarkable impact in the midst of monetary downturn. As indicated by certain specialists (n.d., 2010), their job turns out to be progressively significant in when a financial downturn strikes a spot like Georgia. This is on the grounds that media habitats, for example, the ones found in secondary schools or the ones open for people in general are customarily accessible to everybody as a free wellspring of data, through the entrance of books, magazines, paper files, CDs and different sorts of media. In this way, when individuals feel the negative impacts of downturns and spending cuts, they approach these libraries for help (n.d., 2010). This can be to search for additional wellsprings of work, to concentrate further and increase further training or to take a stab at going after a position with the common administrations. These libraries are a massive assistance to such individuals. They are signif icantly useful in helping them in going after positions on the web, just as discovering study material for common assistance tests. These libraries are additionally known for the assist they with offering these individuals in making their resumes, just as getting further training which will be required for different occupations. Accordingly, the facts demonstrate that these US libraries fill a significant need for their residents, particularly in their critical crossroads, which is

How to Write a Diagnostic Essay

How to Write a Diagnostic EssayAre you having trouble coming up with a diagnostic essay topic? Maybe you have thought about it but haven't gotten around to writing one yet. There are a number of reasons why you may be procrastinating on writing your essay, but the thing that seems to happen over again is that you will think about an idea, see it as great but then put it in a drawer. Here are some tips to help you get started.You need to decide what type of diagnostic essay you want to write. There are many types of diagnostic essays that you can choose from. These include but are not limited to case studies, history, application essays, cultural studies and more. What type of diagnostic essay do you want to write? Do you need to write an essay for college admissions?It is always a good idea to research each option before making a decision. You want to choose an essay topic that interests you and one that you are confident in. The goal is to write a unique essay that tells the story o f a specific event, not something that can be generalized to everyone.You also want to make sure that the diagnostic essay you choose can be approached in a systematic way. You want to learn all you can about the subject before getting started. You don't want to rush through the process and find out later that it was not something you really wanted to write about.Next, you want to get into the actual writing. There are several ways you can approach this. You can start by simply taking notes on your own and then reading them aloud. Or, you can make use of an online tool called Wordle to record your thoughts and turn them into a narrative.Another way to approach writing a diagnostic essay is to write the entire thing by hand. This gives you the freedom to choose where to go with the content and what to include. It is also easier to get into the flow of the piece once you get started. However, keep in mind that this takes a lot of time, so make sure you have other things to do during y our day.Once you start writing your diagnostic essay, keep in mind that it is not necessarily going to be perfect. While writing a diagnostic essay is challenging, it is also very important to write in a manner that is professional. A diagnosis does not have to follow a strict format, but you should remember that the purpose of your writing is to inform and not to cause a spectacle.Finally, you will want to make sure that you practice writing as well. You do not want to write an essay and feel like you just wasted all that time. Take short tests and write an essay a day. This will help you get in the habit of writing a diagnostic essay on a regular basis.

The Connection between 9/11 and the Need for Foreign Oil...

September 11th, 2001 will always be a day that will be remembered. It was a day in history where time it seemed stood still, and one that became a moment of pronounced transformation. Today the United States and other parts of the world are still plagued by the viscosity of this tragedy; both through the wars that were established towards Iraq and Afghanistan over a decade ago, and by the continuous conflict in terms of who and why created the events that occurred on that fateful day. This analysis will argue that the United States’ government used a propagandistic approach towards terrorism in order to support the demand for foreign oil as our dependence for petroleum increases with our population and ecological footprint. Directly†¦show more content†¦Senate and U.S. House on Intelligence, 2002).† All of these ideas demonstrate that the Middle East was not a direct threat to the United States due to the evidence which refutes the reasoning behind the terroris t attacks of September 11th. This means that there must have been an anterior motive towards the events that took place, the greatest being the United States’ high dependence on foreign oil. According to Noam Chomsky, a propagandistic approach interprets â€Å"the concept of terrorism as a weapon to be exploited in the service of some system of power (Chomsky, 1991).† In terms of the terrorist attacks of September 11th, this notion depicts how the United States’ government used the media and false accusations upon the Middle East in order to secure petroleum markets that would support our nation’s high dependence upon petroleum oil. This is because there is a deep stemming connection between the world oil market and the United States monetary system. In terms of oil dependence, most of the general public believes that the world has enough oil to support us for the next hundred years; in truth we are rapidly depleting our petroleum sources due to the increasing population and demand. In fact, as was initially theorized by the Hubbert Peak Theory in 1950, Earth peaked in oil supplies in 1973 and the largest oil resources that have been discovered since then have been in Venezuela and Saudi Arabia. Here it must beShow MoreRelatedConnection of Terrorism and the Middle East Essay702 Words   |  3 PagesInstantly, flashes of the 9/11 attacks come rushing in your mind as you confronted the man about his nervousness. The man explained that his flight was arriving soon and that his friend is running a little late. You still wanted to pry the man more, but then the man’s friend came and they were on their way. Many people today in our society get the impression of a terrorist when meeting someone from the Middle East or a Muslim f or the first time. Because the impact of the 9/11 attacks were caused byRead MoreAmerica s Invasion Of Iraq1143 Words   |  5 PagesPolarizing Topic: America’s Invasion of Iraq The Iraq war is a highly polarizing topic in the United States and abroad alike. After the attacks of September 11, 2001, there were a lot of discussions on terrorism, but former U.S. President George Bush (in office 2001-2009) addressed things differently. In the new globalized world, as we know, you need consensus amongst constituent nations to gain support for a war. However, the Iraq war did not have the support that was needed to build a successful coalitionRead MoreMao Zedong Of The World Essay1657 Words   |  7 Pagesanti-terrorism under its umbrella. Democratizing nations plays a critical role in the strategy as well. A spirit of liberalism flows through the Doctrine, as it attempts to depose tyrannical dictators to ease relations between nations and foster democracy. It made naà ¯ve assumptions about nations’ foreign policy objectives. If a nation acted dictatorial at home, the logic went, it necessarily sought to do so abroad. Rogue states, or those on the verge falling to that side, must be squashed and brought to theRead MoreThe Iraq War : The United States Invade Iraq1109 Words   |  5 Pagesthe British people do not support, nor believe that there is a valid threat in Iraq. The Prime Minister of France says that they cannot accept an ultimatum involving military force as long as inspectors are reporting cooperation. In addition, the Foreign Minister of Russia believes that progress is being made with our current efforts of containment. Lastly, the Chinese Council believes that there is â€Å"no reason to shut the door on peace,† and that continuous inspections are necessary. With that saidRead MoreThe United States : A World Leader And Its Responses Will Have Key Consequences1693 Words   |  7 Pagesof the 1970’s. Others were by choice of policymakers such as Cold War foreign relations and the response to 9/11 and invasion of Iraq. The United States will continue to face global challenges as a world leader and its re sponses will have key consequences worldwide. Many of the early global forces on American history of this era were out of the need and desire for the country to stand alone economically, not rely on foreign resources, and maintain national security in the face of military strengthRead MoreThe New Millennium Irreversibly Changed The Direction Of American Foreign Policy1890 Words   |  8 PagesSaskia Binder-Tulenko sb47593 12.5.14 Events of the new millennium irreversibly changed the direction of American foreign policy. During the 1990s, Anti-American sentiments burgeoned in the Middle East within growing radical Islamist groups that perceived America as empirical and expansionist after the prolonged US occupation of Muslim holy sites in Saudi Arabia after the end of the first gulf war. The September 11th attack on the Twin Towers, once representative of American military and economicRead MoreThe Cold War And Postmodern Eras1579 Words   |  7 PagesAmerican Government to make sure they have control of their consumers. This has been accomplished with the establishment of an American foreign policy that has helped create a bipolar world. It allows America to focus on its interest and create a myth that the American people have a destiny to fulfill in the world. Thus understanding the implications of a foreign policy and use of propaganda as a way to inject fear into the American society is the tool that would be used during the Cold War and PostmodernRead More The words of President George W. Bush on 9/20/01 Essay3376 Words   |  14 Pagesâ€Å"The enemy of America is not our many Muslim friends. It is not our many Arab friends. Our enemy is a radical network of terrorists and every government that supports them.† The words of President George W. Bush on 9/20/01 1990, President George H.W. Bush went to the Persian Gulf region with his wife and top congressional leaders at Thanksgiving time to visit the 400,000 troops gathered in Saudi Arabia, whom he sent there to protect that country from an Iraqi invasion. When the PresidentRead MoreMao Zedong And Osama Bin Laden And Western Imperialism Analysis1664 Words   |  7 Pagesevent marked a tragic representation of opposition to the west. At 8:46 am, on the morning of September 11th, 2001, American Airlines Flight 11 crashed into the World Trade Centers North Tower. 17 minutes later, at 9:03 am, United Airlines Flight 175 crashed into the South Tower. Roughly 30 minutes later, a third flight crashed into the United States Pentagon at 9:37 am. These attacks, conspired by Osama bin Laden, reflect the anti-west views that were and still are held in the region of the middleRead MoreFood Security Is A Basic Right Of Man And An Essential Condition For A Populace1606 Words   |  7 Pagesbesides bein g a threat to food security and livelihoods to over a billion individuals. This fishing practice put resources of seafood in danger. In fact, UN FAO approximates that 11 of the 15 major fishing regions in the world and 69 percent of the main species of fish in the world are in decline and in urgent management need (8). Inadequate oceans protection Only a minute segment of the world’s oceans has been secured even though they might cover over 70% of the surface of the planet (10). Moreover

Allen Dulles Director Of Central Intelligence Essay

Allen Dulles was the Director of Central Intelligence from 1953 until 1961 under the Eisenhower administration and the beginning of the Kennedy administration. Dulles was the first civilian Director of Central Intelligence, the longest serving Director of Central Intelligence, and helped transform the CIA from a small government agency into the far-reaching network it is today. Previously Allen Dulles worked as a Station Chief at the Office of Strategic Services, a government agency that was the forerunner of the CIA. Before the OSS, Allen Dulles worked at his brother’s international law firm Sullivan and Cromwell; this position would have a strong influence on his future actions as Director of Central Intelligence. When Dwight D. Eisenhower took office in 1953, he appointed Allen Dulles the Director of Central Intelligence. He also selected John Foster Dulles as the Secretary of State. These two positions placed the brothers at the center of US foreign affairs. The Eis enhower administration gave Allen and John Dulles a long leash concerning foreign policy, especially when it came to covert operations. The period from 1953 to 1961, the time when Allen Dulles held the office of Director, was the most active period for CIA covert operations. The political views of Allen Dulles were very black and white, there was no compromise; countries were in favor of the United States’ ideals or communist. As if wearing blinders, Allen Dulles could only focus his attention onShow MoreRelatedThe Assassination of J.F.K. Essay1712 Words   |  7 Pagestold them. This was also shown in the CIA memo. It said: The people felt the government especially the CIA was directly involved because they contributed information to the investigation and because Oswald was alleged to have worked for the Central Intelligence Agency (Callahan 66). The agency would now turn its attention to trying to discredit any of their involvement. Why would the CIA have been so worried if they were not involved in the Kennedy assassination? The truth is they would not haveRead MoreThe Bay Of Pigs Invasion2240 Words   |  9 Pagesnature and they know it.† stated Allen Dulles, the fifth director of the Central Intelligence Agency. The Bay of Pigs Invasion was an encounter that occurred on April 17, 1961, between Cuban exiles, armed and trained by the American Central Intelligence Agency and the military forces of Fidel Castro. With the failure of the Bay of Pigs invasion the United States found itself more involved in the Cold War and experienced a new era in the military, political, and intelligence fields as well as the exchangeRead MoreBay of Pigs1627 Words   |  7 PagesUnited States tried to conduct this attack. I will find out what intelligence led to this invasion attempt as well as what intelligence failures were made wh ich resulted in the failure of the invasion. I will discuss what impact the Bay of Pigs had on the United States Intelligence community and what changes was made. I will end this paper with any findings I have concluded to if the failure has any affect on how the U.S. conducts intelligence in today’s world. On April 19, 1961, the United StatesRead MoreThe Bay of Pigs Essay1441 Words   |  6 PagesCastro. Just a year after Castro’s rise to power, President Eisenhower was convinced that if the best interests of the United States were to be fulfilled, the new Cuban government would have to be abolished. On March 17, 1960, he approved the Central Intelligence Agency’s plan, entitled â€Å"A Program of Covert Action Against the Castro Regime.† This program’s purpose was to â€Å"bring about the replacement of the Castro regime with one more devoted to the true interests of the Cuban people and more acceptableRead MoreThe J.F.K. Assassination1801 Words   |  8 PagesReport findings that Lee Oswald was JFKs lone assassin, however, over half of the American public believed that the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) was somehow involved. President Harry S. Truman created the CIA with the signing of the National Security Act (NSA) on September 15, 1947. Th is act created the National Security Council (NSC) which combined all departments of the intelligence community for the army, navy, and airforce and was responsible only to the President. The council had its own budgetRead MoreHistory Of The National Reconnaissance Office1049 Words   |  5 Pagesemerging technologies in the late 1940s and early 1950s (Richelson, 2012, p. 36). This paper will discuss the vast and rich history of this intelligence agency, its duties, and responsibilities as well as its limitations and the challenges it faces to accomplish its mission. Finally, we will look at how and why this agency is associated with the intelligence community as well as it effectiveness throughout its long existence. The true origin of the NRO can be traced back to May 2, 1946, with theRead MoreThe Revolution Of The Cuban Revolution1559 Words   |  7 Pagestook place. United States President Dwight D. Eisenhower ordered the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) to begin a covert operation to bring down the pro-communist Cuban government. Nonetheless Fidel Castro’s potential pro-communist beliefs, the seizure of American owned companies and land lead to extreme concern from United States policy makers and officials. The mission, however would become possibly one of the greatest intelligence failures in the history of the United States. The failed Bay of PigsRead MoreAmericas Dirty Little Secrets1294 Words   |  6 PagesAmerica’s Dirty Little Secrets â€Å"My literal responsibility as director of the CIA with regard to covert action was to inform the Congress - not to seek their approval; to inform.† Former CIA Director Michael Hayden said this quote concerning who the CIA reports to. Most American’s think that since the CIA is part of the government, that it held responsible by the rest of the government. Unfortunately, the sad truth is that they are completely wrong. The way the CIA was created caused many atrocitiesRead MoreThe Cia Director Allen Dulled Sanctioned The Mkultra Program1461 Words   |  6 Pagesexperiments they did with the Jews. However, what they are unfamiliar with is that the U.S. government did the same thing. â€Å"It all started in the 50’s during the Korean War.† Concerned about the rumors of Communist brainwashing of POWs, the CIA director Allen Dulled sanctioned the MKULTRA program in April 1953.Project MKULTRA is one of the most famous activities relating to the CIA†™s efforts toward mass mind control. There were many different tests conducted as a part of the project, including someRead MoreCovert Action Essay3076 Words   |  13 Pageswas deeply ingrained in day-to-day life and the nation’s number one priority in regards to national security. In Iran, a plan to nationalize its oil industry brought about great concern with the British.(2) The British intelligence service (SIS) partnered with the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) to develop a plan to ensure continued control of oil interests in Iran and eradicate the movement to nationalize the oil industry. At this point in time, Great Britain had total control over the pumping

Recommending a COBIT-Based IT Security Framework for a...

Recommending a COBIT-Based IT Security Framework for a Midsize Organization The current objective is to provide the medium sized insurance organization with the most effective draft of and IT security policy framework. In reviewing the literature, it is clear that recent implementations of a COBIT model have proven incredibly successful in keeping with an efficient and productive organizational IT structure. As such, it is recommended that COBIT serve as a primary model for the foundation of the proposed IT security policy framework. Working with security policies at any level of business and industry can be incredibly complex. Here, the research suggests that developing an IT policy framework from scratch can be very daunting challenge for even the most experienced audit professionals (ISACA, 2012). A mid sized firm simply does not have the resources or the time to build a network from scratch and have it work seamlessly. Building such networks is extremely costly and requires a great amount of effort, which an insurance agency may not be able to provide. As such, the most effective manner for reestablishing IT policy framework is to utilize something already in place and adjusted in order to fit the unique needs of a particular organization. Drawing from proven designs can help save time and effort in the trial and error process. Looking to external sources, successful strategies for framework can be drawn from the literature. One of the most potentially lucrative

Boys Lives Essay Example For Students

Boys Lives Essay As everyone knows, within the human race there are males and there are females. We all figure out what our gender identity is at a young age. For boys, male toys like building blocks and trucks and sports like baseball and soccer help a boy form into what society considers to be a man. Society believes that boys should grow up to be strong, dependant and bread winning in order to be a real man. These social standards that are expected from boys, can also be explained by social roles. We are cast into social roles at the moment we are born. These social roles construct boys to be a certain way and follow the set boy code. Boys are taught to stay clear from emotional openness, vulnerability, and dependance. We are also taught to not let others know when we feel scared , depressed or when we are happy and in love. The most important rule altogether for boys, is to stay away from anything that people think of as being feminine. Society has made it clear that in order to be a real man, yo u must be a leader, successful, in control, confident, decisive, independent, serious, and self-reliant. Naturally, families have a large influence on boys development, considering they are the people who the boy spends the most time with and also they are the ones who raise and shape him into who he becomes. The two main influences on the boys development are obviously the mother and the father. In a boys life it is commonly seen for the boy to be much closer to his mother. A mother is usually the one who boys can express their feelings more openly, opposed to the father who is more of just a male role model for the boy. The mother and sons relationship can serve as a drastic formation of the boys personality. If a boy is very close to his mother, then he will more likely be in touch with emotions and feelings. Mothers can help a boy express his feelings more, because he feels safer and more comfortable with his mother. When a boy is with his father he is going to act out the boy code more, in order to make his father happy because in is only natural to act the way the boys largest rol e model (his father) does. A boy would never go crying to his father with his problems because his father, because he wouldnt want his father to think he was a sissy. A father seems to be more interested in making the boy to be as masculine as possible, and punishing him for any feminine acts. Also most fathers are rasing there sons the same way that they were brought up. If the father in the family was brought up in a strict household, where his father ruled and made sure his son was tough and manly, then that he will grow up and do the same to his sons. When boys are growing up they are surrounded by mixed messages. They are taught by society, that in order to be a real man, you mustnt show your emotions, feelings, and you cant cry or do anything that a girl would do. However at the same time, in todays politically correct world, people are getting the message across that men should show their feminine side and be aloud to express their emotions. These mixed messages in society, t hrow an average boy into a world of confusion. Boys dont know how to behave in their everyday lives. This confusion causes many boys to have very low self-esteems and a large buildup of emotions. The boys dont express their true emotions over time and they build up, until the boys self-esteem is crushed. Another addition to the lowing of boys self-esteem, once again falls back on society. Society puts a lot of emphasis on how most boys are trouble makers in school and are the toughest to keep under control. In school, boys are looked at simply as interferences to the girls in the class, and keep them from learning. Since this is the way that teachers look at the boys in their class, it definitely places a large impact on how the boys act. The boys feel as if they have to fulfil the stereotypes that these adults have of them. This is the other reason why boys feel as if they have to live up to and fulfil the typical boy code society places on them. .ucb564bb21cfd934419bccb5def7f354d , .ucb564bb21cfd934419bccb5def7f354d .postImageUrl , .ucb564bb21cfd934419bccb5def7f354d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ucb564bb21cfd934419bccb5def7f354d , .ucb564bb21cfd934419bccb5def7f354d:hover , .ucb564bb21cfd934419bccb5def7f354d:visited , .ucb564bb21cfd934419bccb5def7f354d:active { border:0!important; } .ucb564bb21cfd934419bccb5def7f354d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ucb564bb21cfd934419bccb5def7f354d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ucb564bb21cfd934419bccb5def7f354d:active , .ucb564bb21cfd934419bccb5def7f354d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ucb564bb21cfd934419bccb5def7f354d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ucb564bb21cfd934419bccb5def7f354d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ucb564bb21cfd934419bccb5def7f354d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ucb564bb21cfd934419bccb5def7f354d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ucb564bb21cfd934419bccb5def7f354d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ucb564bb21cfd934419bccb5def7f354d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ucb564bb21cfd934419bccb5def7f354d .ucb564bb21cfd934419bccb5def7f354d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ucb564bb21cfd934419bccb5def7f354d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Sexual & AsexualBibliography:Pollack, William. Real Boys First Owl Books, New York, NY. 1999

How does Shakespeare use the soliloquies in Hamlet to explore the moods of the main protagonist Essay Example

How does Shakespeare use the soliloquies in Hamlet to explore the moods of the main protagonist Essay Within Hamlet there are many different mood changes of the main character these are shown clearly through the soliloquies.A soliloquy is a long speech spoken by one character; it shows the characters true inner feelings and usually shows what they are really like. Soliloquies are very useful in Hamlet as it is a short summary of the plot so far and shows what Hamlet is really thinking at a particular point in the play. Without using soliloquies the play would become confusing as the audience will not know what main character is really thinking as it helps us to understand Hamlets actions or inactions.I will hope to show how soliloquies are used in the Hamlet to show the different mood changes of the main protagonist (Hamlet). I will then examine why Hamlet is feeling like this and what effect is has on the audience.The first soliloquy is in Act 1 scene 2 (page 95) before the soliloquy we find out that Hamlets father has recently passed away, not long after Hamlets mother marries Clau dius. Within the soliloquy Hamlet shows many feelings, these are: anger, disgust, suicidal and disappointment.Hamlet begins talking about suicide O that this too too solid flesh would melt he is talking about how he wants to melt away like a candle; this shows us how upset he is as he is considering suicide. However Hamlet does not go through with this because he says his cannon against self-slaughter. O God, God this shows us that he may be religious because he now stops thinking about it, it also shows us that he may be confused because he changes moods many times. This will show the audience that Hamlet is very unstable at this point in time because he does not know what he wants. Within this Shakespeare uses a metaphor to describe his father; this creates a tense mood as well as giving us a clear idea of what he feels towards his father.Later on within this soliloquy Hamlet begins to talk about his father so excellent a king, that was to this Hyperion to a satyr, so loving to my mother this shows us that Hamlet thinks highly of his father and it also reveals that his father loved his mother a great deal. He also says that Claudius is half man half goat; this shows the audience how much Hamlet hates Claudius as he is describing him as being not human. This will interest the audience as he hates Claudius a lot and because he is going through many different emotions such as anger and disgust he may do something that he will regret. This makes the audience feel disgust towards Claudius as the audience would have fallen for Hamlet and at the moment it seems as he is to blame for the range of emotions that Hamlet is showing.Hamlet is disgusted with his mother and questions her love for his father. He says A little month, or ere those shoes were old with which she followed my poor fathers body like Niobe, all tears, why she, even she this shows us that although Hamlets mother was dressed for the occasion but it makes us think as to whether she was actually feelin g upset as she has moved on so quickly. He says that she did not mourn for his father and even a beast that wants discourse of reason would have mourned longer this shows the audience that he is not happy with his mother because she has moved on so quickly married with my uncle, my fathers brother, but no more like my father than I to Hercules this creates tension within the play because we do not know what Hamlet will do because of the range of emotions that he is going through within this soliloquy.At the end of the soliloquy Hamlet says but break, my heart, for I must hold my tongue this shows us that Hamlet has decided that he is not going to say anything. This will keep the audience interested because we know that Hamlet is disgusted and does not approve with the actions of Gertrude and Claudius, however he feels as if he should not express his feelings as it is not his place to say anything and this will make the audience think how long his silence will last.Evidently there ar e many different moods shown in the first soliloquy. This soliloquy is very effective as it shows us clearly what Hamlet is thinking. The audience will be very interested up to this point as they will be unsure of what Hamlet really wants because he is changing moods so quickly.The next soliloquy within Hamlet occurs in Act 2 Scene 2 before the soliloquy occurs Hamlet meets with the ghost of his father and the he tells him that Claudius had killed him by poisoning him by the ear, he then tells him to take revenge. Hamlet wishes to take revenge by creating a play which will be shown to Claudius and Gertrude, the play will represent what has happened to him. Hamlet intends to scare Claudius.In this soliloquy Hamlet says O what a rogue and peasant slave I am! in this Hamlet is showing that he is annoyed but it may also show that he may be scared. Hamlet may be annoyed because he feels as he is being treated like a slave because he has to do everything his dad has told him to do in orde r to take revenge on Claudius; however, he may also be scared to do this because he may feel as he cannot kill someone. This shows us that Hamlet is quite unstable at the moment because at the moment he is feeling anger towards Claudius but deep down Hamlet is not capable of taking out these actions. This keeps the audience interested as they would want to see as to whether he is going to listen to the ghost or himself.During the practising of the play that hamlet is organising to role play the situation that he is in, Hamlet begins to question the acting skills of one of the actors tears in his eyes, distraction ins aspect, a broken voice, and his whole function suiting with forms to his own conceit? And all for nothing this shows us that hamlet says how can a man who has not been through a situation like this cry as if he has. He then begins to ask himself what the actor would do if this was really happening to him because surely he would be a lot worse if he was in this situation .That he would weep for her? What would he do When acting this on stage the actor will be alone, he should speak passionate as well as confused, showing the audience that he does not understand how someone can act as if they have been through this situation when they do not know how it feels.Later on in the soliloquy, Hamlets mood changes dramatically, he is now beginning to hate himself yet I, a dull muddy-mettled rascal this shows us that Hamlet is beginning to show self disgust, this will keep the audience interested because again it shows us that he is insecure and that he may do something which is irrational. It may also make the audience think as to whether he is now going to tell his mother what he really thinks about her and Claudius.Hamlet then begins to show anger when he says bloody, bawdy, villain! Remorseless, treacherous, lecherous, kindless villain! again hamlet changes his mood very dramatically, this is creating tension because what he says now is quite strong and p owerful, this leads the audience to think that he is going to do something to Claudius soon because he hates him a lot. Within this Shakespeare has used many techniques which make this soliloquy a lot more effective. The first technique that Shakespeare uses is alliteration bloody, bawdy this makes it a lot more powerful as these words when said seem quite aggressive. The second technique that is used is repetition (Hamlet says villain twice) when someone is angry they usually repeat what they say, again this technique shows us how angry Hamlet really is. The last technique that is used is rhyme, by using rhyme these words come of the tongue very easily but again seems very aggressive. All the anger ends by Hamlet saying Oh, vengeance! this is effective because it immediately finishes of this aggressive speech that would have got the audience interested and eager to see what he is going to do, this is like a sigh of relief as he does not want to talk about his feelings towards Claud ius anymore because he is scared of what he may do. By Shakespeare doing this it shows us to the extent of how angry Hamlet actually is towards Claudius. kHamlets mood changes again, he now feels as if the ghost is a devil telling lies to make him kill Claudius prompted to my revenge by heaven and hellThis will show the audience that Hamlet does not know what to think because once he seems sure of something he changes his feelings and questions something else. This may suggest that he is mad or that because of everything that is happening to him he is unsure of what to think resulting in him continuously changing his moods.Although Hamlet is questioning whether the ghost is real, he again considers the fact of what Claudius would feel like if the play goes successfully. He says the plays the thing wherein Ill catch the conscience of the king this is a sudden change in emotion, this makes us wonder if Hamlet is thinking about what he is saying, this makes us question how sane Hamlet actually is because he himself does not know what to believe. The rhyming couplet used makes the line catchy and will keep the audience remembering this line throughout the play, making them think what will really happen. This line also suggests that with this play he hopes to get Claudius feeling guilty. By doing this it means that Hamlet does not have to kill Claudius himself as if he gets the king feeling mad he may do it himself.The emotions shown within this soliloquy vary slightly to the ones shown within the first soliloquy. For example within the first soliloquy he feels suicidal, although he shows self disgust there is no mention of him talking about suicide. This may suggest that Hamlet may no longer wish to commit suicide. Hamlet seems to be a lot more confused within the second than in the first, for example in the first soliloquy Hamlet focuses on grieving more however in the second soliloquy he is considering things a lot more such as if the ghost is telling the truth. The signs of anger also seem to be a lot stronger within the second soliloquy; this shows us that as the story progresses Hamlet begins to become more and more angry, this makes us think how far he would go later as the play develops, this creates tension as we do not know what he is going to do. Up to this point soliloquies have played a major part in Hamlet as if they werent within the play we would not know what he is really thinking and would not know what his character is really like.The last soliloquy again shows a range of emotions and mood changes. These are a mixture from the first and second soliloquy but we also see some emotions which have not yet been shown by Hamlet.To be, or not to be, that is the question Hamlet is again considering suicide, he is unsure of what to do next. This creates a tense atmosphere within the audience as Hamlet had considered suicide before but he came back on his word, however he is talking about it again and now he may mean it because he is reconsidering it. If this was to be acted out on stage Hamlet will be weeping and showing signs of distress, this will help the audience to empathise with him. Hamlet again questions life the slings and arrows of outrageous fortune, or to take arms against a sea of troubles, and by opposing end them he questions whether he should cope with lifes struggles such as deaths of people close to him or if he should just give up. This creates a very tense atmosphere as it is very different to soliloquy one because in soliloquy one he changes his mind and says how he does not want to commit suicide anymore but up till now he has not yet changed his mind meaning that he may actually be considering it. This creates a lot of tension because the main protagonist within Hamlet may commit suicide.Hamlet carries on considering death to die, to sleep- no more; and by sleep to say we end the heart ache and the thousand natural shocks this shows us that he is sort of looking forward to this because i t could take away all of his pains.Throughout this soliloquy Hamlet carries on considering suicide as he starts thinking that this is the last resort as he cannot take any of the pains that life brings with it. The audience will be very worried for him as he has not stopped thinking about it. It will also make the audience think what is going to happen next because if the main protagonist dies it leaves us thinking how the play Hamlet will end.In conclusion Hamlet has shown many emotions throughout the play. These emotions have sometimes repeated in some of the soliloquies. In soliloquy one Hamlet showed signs of disgust, this was not shown again in any of the soliloquies however suicide was shown again in soliloquy three, the suicidal emotion was a lot stronger in soliloquy three as he did not change his mind. Soliloquy two did not show signs of suicide however the emotions changed very quickly within it. This created a lot of tension for the audience as we could empathise with how strong Hamlets feelings were. Confusion was shown in both soliloquy one and soliloquy two, however it was shown more in soliloquy two because Hamlet was considering a lot more things.I think that soliloquy two was the most effective soliloquy of the three because it gave a clear idea to the audience of what he is feeling and how strong these feelings were, it was also a lot more interesting because the range of moods shown. The second most soliloquy in my opinion was the first one because again we learn a lot more. Lastly comes the third soliloquy, the reason why I think that it comes last is because it focuses on only one type of emotion but the others focus on a lot more. Also the other two soliloquies made the story a lot clearer as he related to things which have happened in the play.Soliloquies overall have been very effective within Hamlet as it has made the protagonists feelings a lot clearer for the audience and has helped me understand a lot more of the plot.

17 Writing Tips Actionable Exercises to Write Better Today [VIDEO]

17 Writing Tips Actionable Exercises to Write Better Today [VIDEO] 17 Writing Tips Actionable Exercises to Write Better Today [VIDEO] Writing tips have aided every writer out there- from Ernest Hemingway to Stephen King.And now you’re here for a reasonYou want to learn how to write better through specific writing tips. Because lets be honestwe all feel like our writing could use some improvement.What you didn’t know is that you’ll learn a whole lot more than that by reading this post and you’ll find out exactly what if you stick with us.Writing is a skill you can never be the â€Å"best† at. You will always be able to grow and expand on your writing skills. Once you’ve reached what you believe is your very best, there is still mountains more you can improve upon.That’s part of the magic of being a writer.But it can be hard to know where you actually need the improvement. Which areas are your weakest and which do you excel in?Here are 17 strong writing tips:Write what you want to read Write with intention Use psychologyWrite as often as you can Eliminate distractions Research storytelling and story structure Always get feedback Focus on new ways to phrase common visuals Practice writing when you’re not writing Use strong language Just write to write Just do it. Youve got to work. Write for yourself first. Quantity will make up for quality. Tell the truth. You cant edit a blank page.Its one thing to improve your grammar, its another to work on bettering the actual writing.If you’re like me (and almost all writers out there), you likely struggle with insecurity in your writing. Us writers have a tendency to focus on the bad without knowing how to make it better, and this can often cost us our writing motivation.NOTE: We cover a number of writing tips in our VIP Self-Publishing program, along with everything youll need to write, market, and publish your book to bestseller status.Click here to learn moreLet’s get started. Writing Tips to Help You Become an AuthorIf you’re looking for a way to get your book done quickly a nd with quality, you’re in the right place.We put together this free training for you to learn exactly the writing tips that helped Chandler Bolt hit bestseller status with all 6 of his books. Join your FREE training and learn how you canwrite abetterbook in as little as 90 days if you really focus.Just click the button below to watch!Click here to start your training TODAYHow to Improve Writing with Tips for Writing a BookIn order to improve your writing skills, you have to commit to writing as much as you can, using different writing exercises, and reading often. You have to form a writing habit in order to do this.But there is good news about this.Your writing skills are not stagnant. They change and grow as you do.Think of it as running. The more you run and train, the better you become. It can be really hard to write a book at first but as you learn new techniques, how to use literary devices, and new methods for making it easier, you become a stronger, better runner.Wr iting is exactly the same.The way you improve your writing skills is by making a commitment to you, your work in progress, and all the people who can benefit from your book.How do You Become a Good Beginner Writer?Being a good beginner writer is about learning the craft of writing and learning specific techniques that make writing good in the first place.In fact, becoming a good beginner writer is all about reading as much as you can and writing as much as you can. This is what will help you recognize those literary elements you can then replicate and make your own when writing and editing.Just like I mentioned above, the more you can write, the better you will get, and this makes publishing your book and showing it to the world much easier.But it’s also about consuming content about becoming a better writer, like podcasts, blog posts, and videos around the craft of writing.These are our favorite writing tips resources:The Self-Publishing School Youtube ChannelOur Podcast, wh ere we highlight success stories and learn how authors made it happenJenna Moreci’s Youtube channel featuring the best fiction and self-publishing writing tipsDailyWritingTips.com, a blog featuring unique and specific tips for writingHannah Lee Kidder’s Youtube channel including tips from a multi-published fiction authorThis Stephen King video featuring his own tipsBrandon Sanderson’s lectures from a college classroomChandler Bolts personal Youtube channel for productivity advice and moreJustPublishingAdvice.com, a blog dedicated to sharing helpful publishing and writing tips.What are some writing tips for beginners?Being a newbie writer is not easy. These are some of the top writing tips we suggest in order to improve your writing skills as a beginner.Writing Tip #1 Write what you want to readIf you yourself wouldn’t pick up the book or story you’re writing and read it with joy, then you shouldnt’ be writing it.â€Å"But what if I think o ther people will like it even if I don’t?†This is a very common argument against this writing tip but it’s not sound. And the reason for that is because you’ll lack the passion.When you create a story that you love yourself, it comes through in the writing. It’ll read as if the words and your protagonist and characters as a whole pop off the page instead of lying flat.It will also be much easier to write and you’ll want to write it more than if you didn’t enjoy the story or topic as much.So for this writing tip, ask yourself these questions:Would you pick it up to read the back cover?Would you personally look for a book like this?Is this a book genre you personally enjoy?Will you develop the characters in a way that makes you root for them?Is the story structure captivating to you?Have you read and loved other books with similar worlds/characters/stories?If you cant answer these questions with a confident yes, skip the book idea and wr ite one you actually want to.Writing Tip#2 Write with intentionAll writing has a purpose and it needs a purpose if you want your writing to get better and read as something enjoyable.When you have a reason for writingwhat you’re writing, it becomes so much easier and it feels like you’re fulfilling a purpose rather than just writing a book.If all youre doing is writing a book to make money, then your heart (and therefore your passion) is in the wrong place. This makes it very clear to readers through your writing.Below is a writing tips exercise to help you achieve writing with intention.Writing Tip#3 Use psychology to write betterYes, there is research involved no matter what kind of book you’re writing.â€Å"But how can psychology actually help my writing improve?†In order to craft your book in a way that speaks to readers how you intend it to, you have to understand how the human mind works.This is how using psychology as a writing tip helps you get better:Youll craft more realistic charactersYour antagonists and protagonists motives will be more realisticYou can take your readers on a better experience by learning to manipulate their emotions with your plotYou can easily hit emotional triggers in readers that prompt them to keep turning pagesYoull better understand what it takes to write a novel thats engagingThe Write Practice has a fantastic resource for how to use psychology to become a better writer.Once you know how people interpret different events, messages, and themes, you can weave them into your book so it has more impact when they’re finished reading.And for the fiction writers out there, psychology helps you create real and lifelike characters that leave readers itching to turn that page and read more about them and their journey.Writing Tips Action Step:In order to accurately research for your book, think about what you want your readers to take away from each chapter, and then the book as a whole.Then res earch how real people interpret those specific messages.For example:If you want readers to feel inspired during a certain part of your book, research â€Å"psychology of inspiration† and read how one can build up to feel inspired and even how it affects their outlook in order to better craft the next chapters.Writing Tip#4 Write as often as you canEven if all you’re writing is a paragraph, it’s better than not writing at all.And if you can’t add on to your book for whatever reason (maybe a lack of an outline?), then write something else.Here are a few ways you can utilize this writing tip by writing something else:Write a short storyStart a new novelWrite a poemSkip to a new section in your book to writeWrite about your life in prose to practice descriptionsThe point is to write as often as you can because the more you write, the better you will get. It will help you pinpoint weaknesses in your writing and you’ll notice improvements as you write.W riting more often also allows you to flex your imagination, which is indeed much like a muscle. The more you use it, the stronger it gets and therefore, you’ll be able to write with more creativity.Writing Tip#5 Eliminate distractionsIn this age of technology and helpful writing software, there are endless amounts of distractions.We almost always have our phones within reach, a computer right at our fingertips (literally, if you’re writing), and a TV nearby with access to Netflix, Hulu, and other attention-sucking programs.If you want to write better, you have to eliminate distractions that keep you from writing.Here are our writing tips to get rid of distractions:Use a distraction-blocking App like Freedom or PauseForShut your phone off and put it in another roomClose out of all apps or windows on your computerSpend 15 minutes listening to music that reminds you of your book to get you in the zoneTell all your friends/family to leave you alone for writing timeAs ment ioned above, the more you write, the better you get. But you can’t write if you’re constantly checking your phone, email, or watching TV.Writing Tip#6 Research storytelling and story structureThis is largely for the fiction writers out there, but all writers can benefit from this writing tip of improving your storytelling.Storytelling and writing are not the same things.Writing is the way in which you describe what’s happening within the story. The story itself is a whole other piece of the puzzle and is arguably the most important piece.When you have a story idea worth writing, theres a few things to remember.Here are our top writing tips for learning the craft of storytelling:Study comedians the reason comedy is, well, funny is because comedians know how to tell stories in a way that keep us on the edge of our seat, and then they surprise us, which often initiates the laughter.Learn from great storytellers Stephen King is one of the best storytellers of al l time. He has a book, On Writing, that touches on this craft. Give it a read for some of the best writing tips youll find.Read as much as you can Writers learn how to write through reading. The more you read, and the wider variety of genres, the more youll naturally pick up on the art of storytelling.Get feedback on your stories This is the hardest, but most crucial writing tip to help you improve. You have to understand your weaknesses in order to make them stronger. Ask friends and family for help in order to learn how to make your stories better.Writing Tips Action Step:Read books, listen to podcasts, or watch videos about the art of crafting a story.Another great way to learn the ins and outs of storytelling is to watch great comedians. The reason they can make you laugh is how they craft what they’re saying.Notice the pauses, when they speed through what they’re saying, and how they deliver that final line.These are all techniques you can use on a larger scale when writing your book.Writing Tip#7 Always get feedbackThis will always be the hardest, but most important part of improving your writing. Of all the writing tips to take and execute, this is the best one.It’s very difficult to gauge your own writing because you wrote it.This is much like trying to tickle yourself. It just doesn’t work because you’re the person doing it and is much more effective when someone else does it.Thats why the beta reading process is so vital. Its when you let others read your book in order to gain feedback from people in your intended audience.That’s what it’s like for your writing. You need an outside set of eyes on your work.Jenna Moreci has a great resource on the beta reading process you can check out.Here are some specific questions to ask others for this tip to improve writing:Did you find anything confusing or unclear?Did you understand why InsertNameHere did what they did?Were you able to easily follow the dial ogue?Was the dialogue in writing clear and concise?Which character did you empathize with more?Do you have any predictions about what will happen?Do you have any feedback I didnt ask you about?Writing Tip#8   Focus on new ways to phrase common visualsOne of the best ways you can strengthen your creativity is by consciously thinking about how you can describe common things in new, interesting ways.You want to make people see that common item or situation or visual in a brand new light.The way you can do this is to pause when you’re describing something in your writing and think to yourself, â€Å"how else can I explain this to create a stronger emotional impact?†Here’s an example of this writing tip if you’re still a little confused:â€Å"The sun set behind the trees and the world fell quiet.†Is this a bad way to describe a sunset and night beginning? No. However, you can easily get more creative about how to illustrate this to readers through wo rds. Like this:â€Å"Night yanked the horizon over the sun, silencing the world with its absence.†This is saying relatively the same thing, but in a way that stops and makes someone appreciate the way in which it was crafted.Writing Tip#9 Practice writing in your headThis might sound a bit confusing, so let me elaborate.When you look at the world, how do you see it? Probably the same way everyone else does.Here’s an example of how you can practice writing but only in your own head. This can help you learn how to craft your prose to read in a beautiful, elegant fashion while also being unique and interesting to readers.Right now, I’m looking out my window into the backyard. It has snow, the trees are bare, and the sky is a muted gray at the horizon, fading to a very faint blue as you look higher up.This is a very typical visual for winter (especially in Wisconsin).Now, in order to practice writing without writing, all you have to do is start describing what you see in prose that you would write in your own head.Like this:â€Å"Stillness hung in the air thicker than Christmas morning eggnog, the ground covered in a thin sheet of white speckled with brown where the snow failed to make its mark. Bare branches reached toward the absent sun, reluctantly accepting the gray of winter in its place.†This example is more prose than reality, but this is how you can sharpen those skill by just thinking in this way.Notice the world around you in the way you would write it in a book.The more you practice this when you’re on the subway, making dinner, or even watching your family and friends interact, the easier it will be to write those situations in your book.Think like a writer in order to become a better one.Writing Tip#10 Use strong languageThis writing tip can completely transform your writing for the better. It’s the single best way to make your writing more captivating without really adding anything new. You just simply hav e to replace weak language with stronger, more descriptive writing.This can take some time to get used to but the more you do it, the easier it will get.So how do you recognize weak language?Here are some mistakes to look for in your writing to utilizing this writing tip:Passive voice Passive voice is any use of a to be past participle. Now, thats just a fancy way of saying that if you have something was done by something, its passive voice. An example of this is: The chicken was beheaded by the farmer. That is passive voice, whereas, The farmer beheaded the chicken. is active voice.Weak verbs These are the basic, non-detailed version of better verbs. An example would be, She walked to the store. In this case, walked is the weak verb. You can use another form of this verb to create a stronger visual for your reader. Heres what that would look like: She strutted to the store.Emotion explaining Using words that are emotions in your writing is a pretty clear indicator you have to sh ow and not tell. Saying, She was scared, is telling. You can create a better experience for the reader by showing that shes scared through body language, dialogue, and description.We even make it simpler for you with our strong verbs list. It has over 200 strong verbs and includes the common weak verbs you can replace.Writing Tips Action Step:Fill out your information for instant access to your strong verbs list of over 300+ verbs to use! hbspt.forms.create({ portalId: "4208601", formId: "c14c8b05-e824-459b-b7eb-a03c87d82b93" });Writing Tip#11 Just write to writeForget about your goals. Forget about how anyone else will interpret what you’ve wrote and just write.Do it for you. Write what you like and what makes you happy.Don’t think about the future or publishing or where you’re going from here. Just grab that outline, sit down, and write because it’s fun.Believe it or not, this frees up a lot of mental space and allows you to write without thinking too much, which often helps you write better.One of the best writing tips I ever received was to always have a side project going on, something you have no intention of ever publishing. This is where your real writing happens.Its a place for you to experiment, discover your writing voice, and learn what you truly love to write while still working on your main project and accomplishing those goals.Writing Tips from Famous AuthorsWhat better way to improve your writing than to practice writing tips from those who have mastered the cr aft?Here are our top writing tips from professional writers like Stephen King, JK Rowling, and even Margaret Atwood.#1 â€Å"Just do it.†Much like we mentioned above, Margaret Atwood is a huge advocate of diving right in and just writing, despite your fears, insecurities, or lack of direction.â€Å"I think the main thing is: Just do it. Plunge in! Being Canadian, I go swimming in icy cold lakes, and there is always that dithering moment. ‘Am I really going to do this? Won’t it hurt?’ And at some point you just have to flop in there and scream. Once you’re in, keep going. You may have to crumple and toss, but we all do that. Courage! I think that is what’s most required.†As someone who has made waves with a number of her novels, including the masterpiece that landed her an entire TV series, The Handmaid’s Tale, she is someone you want to take advice from- especially now that Margaret Atwoods Masterclass is available.#2 Youve got to work for it.Much to every writer’s dismay, books don’t actually write themselves. If there was a special machine we could plug into our brain that would spit out a perfect copy of the story inside our minds, we would all opt for that instead of sitting down and plucking away at the keyboard.But that’s not a reality (at least not yet).Someone who knows the value of hard work when it comes to writing is J.K. Rowling. Perhaps you’ve heard of her?â€Å"Youve got to work. Its about structure. Its about discipline. Its all these deadly things that your school teacher told you you needed†¦ You need it.As hard as it can be, Rowling’s advice is as sound as any. Work for your book. Work hard so others can benefit from the worth you’re holding onto.#3 Write for yourself first.Stephen King has an entire memoir-ish that doubles as writing tips simply because writing has been nearly his entire life. One of the best lessons King says he ever lea rned was from a newspaper editor he worked for while he was in high school (which he discusses in his memoir/writing book On Writing) and he has maintained that voice in his head throughout each work he writes.When you write a story, you’re telling yourself the story. When you rewrite, your main job is taking out all the things that are not the story. Your stuff starts out being just for you, but then it goes out.On Writing by Stephen King continues to be a source of inspiration and help for writers everywhere. King has a way of pulling you in and giving you the BS-free advice all writers want and, in most cases, desperately need.#4 â€Å"Quantity will make up for quality.†Ray Bradbury is one of the most quoted authors out there. He shares his methods for writing and how to actually succeed in this industry.His best advice, in my opinion, comes from his book Zen in the Art of Writing, where he says you have to schedule the time to write and write daily because quant ity will make up for quality.In fact, quantity is what leads you to quality.Michelangelo’s, da Vinci’s, Tintoretto’s billion sketches, the quantitative, prepared them for the qualitative, single sketches further down the line, single portraits, single landscapes of incredible control and beauty.†In essence, the more you practice writing, the better youll become and that makes all the difference when it comes to separating yourself form other writers.#5 â€Å"Tell the truth.†Miss Angelou is an inspiration to writers everywhere. She’s a personal favorite of mine and her quotes and advice for both writing and life has always spoken to me on a different level than others.One of the best writing tips I’ve read of her is the fact that you have to write the truth.â€Å"I look at some of the great novelists, and I think the reason they are great is that they’re telling the truth. The fact is they’re using made-up names, made-up people, made-up places, and made-up times, but they’re telling the truth about the human being- what we are capable of, what makes us lose, laugh, weep, fall down, and gnash our teeth and wring our hands and kill each other and love each other.†When you have a truth worth sharing, writing becomes easier, more meaningful, and therefore more impactful for those reading it.This ties into our writing tip above about writing what you want to read. Focus on telling your truth.#6 â€Å"You can’t edit a blank page.†Are you sensing a theme within these writing tips yet?Even Jodi Picoult agrees that you can’t become a better writer if you never write.â€Å"You can always edit a bad page. You can’t edit a blank page.†The best of all writing tips is this one. You have to actually write if you want to get better because the great writing doesnt happen on the first try. It happens on the second, fifth, and even tenth.You first have to write the wo rds in order to make them better.Writing Tips to Get You Started TODAYIf you’re here, it means you’re ready to take the leap and start writing.We can even help you have your book outlined today but only if you take action now.

DEALING WITH NORMAL DATA AND ZSCORES Statistics Project

DEALING WITH NORMAL DATA AND ZSCORES - Statistics Project Example The average current test score of the students is 82.06 and varies from the mean by about 9.05. The z-score of the students’ test grades can be calculated using below formula: Table 1 shows the student’s z-scores for their previous and current test grades. The maximum and minimum z-scores for the previous test score are 1.48 and -1.54, respectively. The maximum and minimum z-scores for the current test score are 1.76 and -1.55, respectively. Thus, there is no outlier in both the current and previous test scores as all the z-score values are in between -3 and +3. A total of 9 students’ z-score decreased from the previous test to current test and a total of 9 students’ z-score increased from the previous test to current test. The theoretical normal distribution probability of a z-score below 0.50 is about 0.6915. The number of students whose z-score is below 0.50 in current score is 11. Thus, proportion of the students test scores on the current test only fall below z = .50 is about 0.6111 which is very close to the theoretical normal distribution

Creating a new business venture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Creating a new business venture - Essay Example This mission is ideal since it seeks to consolidate the company’s commitment to provide quality transport services to different targeted customers in the healthcare sector. Vision To be the market leader in the transport sector where the company seeks to cater for the interests of different customers in need of healthcare related transport services. Brief description of your organization Accarpio Transport’s business model is based on the notion of establishing a company that will specifically offer transportation services for those in need. The company will target different categories of people in its operations as shown below. Transportation of those in wheelchairs, those who use walkers, and those who can walk. Priced reasonable so anyone that needs our services can have them. The strategy of offering reasonable prices is specifically designed to attract as many customers as possible since there are also other actors in this particular sector of business. This strate gy will help the company to gain a competitive advantage in its operations which is the essence of any business venture (Strydom, 84). Brief historical review Accarpio Transport The business model of the company is unique in that it seeks to offer transportation services that are not provided by most ambulance companies. Most ambulance services are primarily concerned with offering services to patients who want to be taken to the hospital from their respective homes. Some of the service providers only provide transportation to doctors who have appointments. However, Accarpio Transport will provide transport to people who want to perform different errands such as going to the grocery stores or shopping malls, visiting friends or any other errands such as going to the park for refreshment. Current Marketing Situation Market overview The company intends to prioritize various trends that will give it a competitive advantage over other actors in the transport industry. For instance, the company seeks to offer consistent transport services to all clients. It intends to fulfill all their interests and needs so as to create loyalty among them. The company also seeks to harness the philosophy that no transportation job is too small in its operations since it is designed to cater for different types of customers. Market segmentation In theory, market segmentation is described as the process of dividing a heterogeneous market into smaller segments of people who have similar interests (Kotler, 87). In this particular case, geo-demographic segmentation will be used by the company. Geo-demographic segmentation is loosely defined as the process of identifying groups of people in a certain area who have similar demographic characteristics such as age, gender as well as lifestyle (Kotler,88). For instance, people living in the same geographical location may share similar interests such as the use of the same transport services as well as their interests towards different marke t offerings. In this case, Accarpio transport will target individuals interested in carrying out their personal errands such as visiting the hospitals. The company will also target patients intending to use transport to different places such as shops for their personal business. Target market The company will mainly target hospitals and it will offer transport to people visiting patients or carrying out any other business. The company wil

What Is Symbolic Interactionism Sociology Essay

What Is Symbolic Interactionism Sociology Essay The increased interest to the problem of communication in sociology of the 20 century actualized, in particular, importance of understanding each other at differing positions, defining own views to the opposite.  Gradually in the sociology was formed an integrationists branch, that studied the integrity of the human I and his personal self-determination in microsocial environment. The term symbolic means that there is an emphasis on the sense which individuals put in their actions when they come into interactions with each other, and in this theory the society is considered from the standpoint of behavior of individuals involved in the interaction.  In other words, society can only be explained by considering the principles of human behavior, because only here can be found a significant symbol that defines the act of behavior.  Defining of a meaningful symbol takes place in the human consciousness, which is filled with meaning and knowledge from the outside world. General Principles Symbolic interactionism focuses on the analysis of the symbolic aspects of social interactions.  The basic principle of interactionism is that an individual perceives (estimates) behave in accordance with attitudes of other people, that is, a person is for himself the one, whom he presents to others in the social world.  Symbolic interactionists are united by not a rigorous theory, but a common vision of social process, defined as a process of development and changing social values, a constant definition and redefinition of situations, the interaction of their participants.  In the process of this redefinition is changing the objective (from the view points of interacting individuals)of the medium of social activities, because the world, according to interactionists, has a completely social origin. Different groups develop different worlds, which change in the process of changing the values in the course of social interaction. Symbolic interactionism is based on three basic premises: First that people react to the environment based on those values symbols, that they have in the environment. Second, these values (means of connection of events and characters) are the product of the social everyday interpersonal relations interactions. And finally, the socio-cultural values are subject to change as a result of individual perception within such interactions. (West, 2010) That is why   I and others form a unified whole, like society, which is the sum of the behaviors of its constituent members, but which imposes social restrictions on individual behavior.  Although theoretically it is possible to separate I from the society, interactionism comes from the fact that the first understanding is connected with an equally deep understanding of the second in terms of their interdependent relationship. Representatives of symbolic interactionism emphasizes that people are social creatures.  However, unlike ants, bees, termites and other insects leading a public life, people almost do not have the innate models of behaviors, that connect them with each other.  If we have essentially no inherent nature of the mechanisms of social behavior, how can society be?  Representatives of symbolic interactionism find the answer in the ability of people to communicate through symbols. (West, 2010) In the theory of symbolic interactionism a sign is any element of the medium, which is another element in this environment.  The signs are of two types: firstly, it is natural signs (such as discoloration of leaves), which represent something else (like the arrival of autumn); second are artificial signs, elements that were created (such as a flag) to represent something else in the social world, for example, patriotism and duty.  These artificial signs are only effective if people agree on their meaning, so that  they are interactive: two or more people must agree to continue to react to this sign in relatively constant manner. It is also necessary to distinguish signals from symbols: signals are artificial marks, providing a predictable reaction (such as traffic signals); and symbols are artificial marks that have no definite reactions (a flag).  Thus, the signals are used for regulatory policy of normative behavior in the society, and symbols are used to facilitate communicative behavior. Historical development of the Theory As a broad theory, symbolic interactionism appeared in the 20-s of XX century, in the Chicago school, its founder was an American sociologist George Mead.   George Herbert Mead (1863-1931) is an American sociologist and social psychologist, who is considered a true founder of symbolic interactionism.  Mead was known in his lifetime as a gifted lecturer, and author of numerous articles, publication and republication of his lectures and articles, as well as the fundamental work Mind, Self and Society (1934) brought him international fame.  He has developed a theory that explains the essence of the individuals perception of other individuals, and developed the concept of generalized other that is to some extent complementary to the theory of specular I.   In accordance with the concept of I, Mead believed that the emergence of human self as a holistic mental phenomena, in essence, is nothing else but social process inside the individual, in which he first pointed by I conscious and  I-like-object.  Further, Mead suggested that through the assimilation of culture (as a complex set of characters that share common values for all members of society,) the person is able to predict the behavior of another person and how this other person is predicting own behavior. According to Mead, I-as-object is something that people can call their own.  In this area, James identifies four components and arranges them in order of importance: the spiritual self, material self, social self and physical self. Another American philosopher and psychologist, who first began to develop a responsive self-concept was William James (1842-1910). James has made the first and very profound concept of personal I, considered in the context of self-knowledge, and he conjectured that the dual nature of the integral I, with many of his statements concerning the descriptive, and emotional evaluation of categorical I, anticipated the later developments of the idea of I-concept. (Meltzer 1975) As for other concepts of symbolic interactionism, we can name an American sociologist and social psychologist Herbert Blumer, who was a representative of the Chicago school of interactionism, referring to the second generation of symbolic interactionism, founded by J. Mead.  He further developed the original framework of symbolic interactionism. Bloomer was the first who interested in the problem of mass society. According to Blumer Symbolic interactionism rests on three basic premises: People are more likely to act according to the values that they attach to objects and events, rather than just react to external stimuli, such as social forces.  Symbolic interactionism suggests determinism of values. Values are not just fixed and formulated in advance, but more often are created and change in interactive situations. Values are the result of interpretations that took place in interactive contexts. (Nelson 1998) Significant attention in his works Blumer paid to collective behavior of people. Basis of collective behavior are common values, expectations, which are separated by a group of individuals.  However, it often can be observed a spontaneous collective behavior, like overflowing passion, panic, etc.  This behavior occurs in violation of established values, habitual forms of existence. Blumer distinguishes those forms of spontaneous behavior (such as Pounding, Collective excitation, Social  Infection), which under certain conditions can lead to new forms of group and institutional behavior: Acting crowd (a spontaneously formed group, without common values and expectations, there is no recognized leadership) Expressive crowd (emotional groups carnivals, ritual dance) Mass crowd (spontaneous collective grouping of people who are excited with some event) Public (spontaneous collective group, but in public individuals interact with each other, demonstrate the rational, critical action). (Nelson 1998) Although Mead has first formulated his ideas in 1930, symbolic interactionism has become an important part of the study equations of mass communication only in 1970, 1980.  Since Meade made emphasis on interpersonal interaction and not interested in media, it is not surprising that theorists of mass communication rather slow realized the relevance of his ideas in their research. Symbolic interactionism as the direction is not uniform, as it is possible to distinguish at least two schools.  The first is the so-called Chicago School led by one of the prominent scientists Cove J., Mead H., Bloomer.  This school continues to socio-psychological tradition of Mead in the most orthodox way.  It is opposed to the another Iowa school of symbolic interaction-mechanism, headed by M. Kuhn professor at the University of Iowa. This school is trying to modify several individual Meads concepts in the spirit of neo-positivism.  The main difference between these schools are in methodological issues, primarily in the definition of concepts and relationships to various methods of socio-psycho-logical investigation.   Among other representatives of the theory we can name Becker and Strauss members of the Chicago School of symbolic interactionism, who were interested in the procedural aspects of interaction.  Kuhn and Partlend are representatives of Iowa schools, and were more interested in stable symbolic structures.  To this generation also belongs K. Burke and Goffman, who explained social life as the realization of the metaphor of drama by analyzing the interaction in such terms as actor, mask, scene, script and so  on.  Moreover, Burke used the term theater, almost literally, while Hoffman was using theater and drama as metaspheres of society while preserving its spirit, but developing its own conceptual line. The modern theory of symbolic interactionism, as a direct expression of concepts of J. Mead, has practically the same advantages, shortcomings and contradictions of the J. Mead concept.  On the one hand, it is important to point interactionists effort to isolate the specific human traits in human behavior, the view on the individual as a social phenomenon, to find a socio-psychological mechanisms of identity formation in interaction with others in society, to stress active creative  personal traits of the individual.   However, the subjective idealist position of interactionists lead to the fact that all the social connections they see only in interpersonal communication, and while the analysis of communication they ignore the contents and the substantive work of individuals, not seeing that the process of formation of the personality includes not only the exchange of views, but more importantly, the exchange of activities. (Reynolds 1993) theory importance and Application The advantage of this approach is that it introduces people in the field of sociological research.  It directs attention to the activities of individuals in their daily lives and sees that people are not robots, mechanically carrying out the requirements of social rules and institutional norms, but leading the public life of beings with the ability to feel and think.  In the interaction they operate with symbols and values which enable them to evaluate and interpret situations of social life, assess the advantages and disadvantages of certain actions and then choose one of them. Thus, representatives of symbolic interactionism suggest the image of man as an individual, actively forming his behavior, rather than passively reacting to external environment and structural constraints. However, the approach of symbolic interactionism has its weaknesses.  In everyday life people do not have complete freedom in forming and changing their actions.  Although representatives of symbolic interactionism recognize that many human actions are guided by the established systems of symbols and meanings, including culture and social system.  Critics argue that the theory of social interaction based on the symbols makes an excessive emphasis on short-term situations and exaggerates attention to transient, episodic and temporary. (Reynolds 1993) Thus, the theory is applied to describe and analyze human behavior, as through the process of socialization people can more or less consciously interpret stimuli and expected responses. Conclusion From the perspective of interactionists, human society is composed of individuals with personal I, who themselves form norms and values. Individual action is a construction, not just a commission, as it is carried by the individual using the estimation and interpretation of the situation in the social environment.  Personal I am can serve as a persons target for his actions.  Formation of values is presented as a set of actions in which the individual sees the object, gives it value, and decides to act on this matter.  Interpretation of the actions of another is a definition of the value of certain actions of others.  From the perspective of interactionists, an object is not just external stimulus, but something that distinguishes man from the outside world, giving him certain value.   This theory explains how individuals interact with the environment and how behave in the process of socialization.

Analysis of the Failure of Fire Control Essay -- Public Administration

Introduction Over the past years, as a consequence of the impact on society created by the recent huge corporate collapses and, more recently, the ongoing economical crisis, the concept of Corporate Governance has become central in the economical, academical and institutional debate. At the core of this debate the attempt of rethinking and shaping the Corporate system and mechanisms in a way that â€Å"instill in companies the essential vision, processes and structures to make decisions that ensure longer-term sustainability†. (Vice President, Business Advisory Services, IFC). This mandate is valid not only for the business actors but also for the Public Sector whose role, it is to create Public Value, through developing resonable policies while meeting various stakeholders needs and responding to the increasing demand of accountability, fairness and trasparency. This paper focuses on analysing the governance failures of one of the most innovative and promising UK Government Information Techology project: FiReControl. Started in 2004, FiReControl was meant to be the future of Fire and Rescue Service. Instead after 7 years it was cancelled and branded as "one of the worst cases of project failures " in UK Government's history. It is argued that the failure of the project have been of two types (1) Uneffective engagement of the primary stakeholders and (2) Lack of Leadership and management skills. The idea is that a lack of engagement of the primary stakeholders, in the FiReControl specific context, impacted negatively on the overall performances of the project and worsened a leadership model that was already weak. Questions have been raised also from a stakeholder theory perspective. The information used to examine the cas... ...pecialistic training system and equipment to quickly respond to big emergencies, (3)FireLink, a radio system to permit a better communication between the Fire and Rescue Service England, Scotland and Wales. Our members are frontline public service workers – covering the roles of firefighter to area manager, including emergency fire control staff and firefighters working the retained duty system. The FBU is the only recognised trade union negotiating nationally with fire and rescue service employers on behalf of firefighters and emergency fire control staff on the National Joint Council (NJC)". Source, FBU website, section Who we are: http://www.fbu.org.uk The FBU also pointed out that FireControl was conceived by Burocrats with different skills from Fire Service and that this could led to understimation of the complexity of coordinating emergency incidents.

Use Of Statin Therapy Health And Social Care Essay

Morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) are two to five times higher in patients with type 2 diabetes. With mortality rates of up to 80 % among the diabetic population, CVD is considered to be the primary complication of type 2 diabetes. The usage of pharmacological agents and lifestyle alterations to better glycemic control have demonstrated a decrease in hazard of the microvascular complications associated with type 2 diabetes, nevertheless, the consequence these have in cut downing the hazard of macrovascular complications remains ill-defined. It has hence been suggested that hydroxymethylglutaryl- CoA reductase inhibitors ( lipid-lowering medicines ) are indicated for the primary bar of CVD in all patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Lipid-lowering medicines work by suppressing the HMG-COA enzyme which catalyses the transition of HMG-CoA to mevalonic acid, an early measure in cholesterin synthesis. This produces effects which result in the decrease of enti re cholesterin, LDL cholesterin and triglyceride. Other benefits reported ensuing from the usage of long term lipid-lowering medicine therapy include: suppression of arterial smooth musculus cell proliferation, bar of oxidization of LDL cholesterin, plaque stabilisation effects on macrophages, betterment of endothelial map and anti thrombotic and anti inflammatory effects all of which contribute to the bar of cardiovascular events. A recent meta analysis conducted by the Cholesterol Treatment Trialists ‘ Confederates ( 2008 ) analysed statin therapy in 17 220 persons with type 2 diabetes within 14 indiscriminately controlled tests ( RCTs ) with a average continuance of follow up was 4.3 old ages. The writers reported a 21 % decrease in major cardiovascular events per mmol/l decrease of LDL-C. It was besides found that the effects of statin therapy were similar regardless of any pre bing history of CVD and other baseline features. It was concluded that statin therapy should be considered for all persons who are at high hazard of CVD. The meta analysis survey design allows the writers to show the over all consequence the intercession of lipid-lowering medicine therapy has on the bar of CVD in patients with type 2 diabetes. The inclusion of merely randomly controlled tests ( RCTs ) is a strength of the analysis as they are considered to be the ‘gold criterion ‘ in reasearch design as the minimise the possibility of systematic prejudice. However in a meta analysis whether or non a RCT was genuinely random or non to a great extent relies on the writers reading of the methodological analysis. One restriction of this survey is the possible for publication prejudice by the knowing exclusion of surveies which demonstrate conflicting consequences. However the writers addressed this by discoursing two surveies which demonstrated no important decreases in primary results in patients having statin therapy and concluded that including them in the analysis would hold made no important diference to the overall conse quences of the survey. The Heart Protection Study, 2003 aimed to look into the effects of cholesterin take downing with Zocor in people with diabetes. The paper describes a randomized placebo controlled test in which 5963 ( 90 % of which had type 2 diabetes ) people with diabetes and 14, 573 people with arterial occlusive disease but no diabetes were indiscriminately allocated to have 40mg of simvastatin day-to-day or a placebo drug. The primary result for analysis was fatal or non fatal vascular event. Following induction of statin therapy participants were seen for modus operandi follow up cheques at 4, 8 and 12 months until the concluding follow up visits which averaged at 4.6 old ages. ( bosom protection survey ) Findingss related to patients with diabetes demonstrated 25 % decrease in the incidence of first primary result. The writers concluded due to the broad scope of diabetic patients surveies that the consequences provided grounds that cholesterin take downing therapy is good for people with diabetes even if they do non hold pre bing cardiovascular disease or high cholesterin concentrations and hence statin therapy should be considered routinely for all diabetic patients. ( HPS and Role of lipid-lowering medicines ) The HPS RCT design allows both the Zocor group and the placebo group to be followed up and analysed in footings of the results defined at the beginning of the survey. As the writers provided baseline features such as cholesterin, age and continuance of diabetes guaranting the groups were every bit similar as possible, the results can hence be attributed to the intercession of Zocor. Prior to the Heart protection survey similar RCTs had included a upper limit of 1500 patients with diabetes. The big sample size of 5963 patients with diabetes produced a good balance between the two groups and allowed the writers to successfully observe a important statistical difference between the results of Zocor and the placebo. The 4 twelvemonth follow up period demonstrated that these effects were sustained. The writers of the survey were besides responsible for the survey design, informations aggregation, information analysis, informations reading and authorship of the study, which minimises the possibility of any possible struggle of involvement. The Collaberative Lipitor diabetes study ( CARDS ) , 2003, was similar to the HPS in footings of its purposes and findings but was the first test to measure statin therapy specifically in patients with type 2 diabetes. The CARDS test was a random placebo controlled survey in which 2838 patients aged between 40 and 75 were indiscriminately allocated to have either 10mg of atorvastatin day-to-day or a placebo with an intended follow up period of 6 old ages. The inclusion standard was no history of cardiovascular disease, an LDL-cholesterol concentration of 4 & A ; Acirc ; Â ·14 mmol/L or lower, a fasting triglyceride sum of 6 & A ; Acirc ; Â ·78 mmol/L or less, and at least one other hazard factor. The primary end point was clip to first happening of the followers: acute coronary bosom found disease events, coronary revascularisation, or shot. The writers reported that the group treated with Lipitor had an mean decrease of 26 % in entire cholesterin and a 40 % decrease in LDL-C. The hazard decrease for primary end points was reduced by 37 % with atorvastatin day-to-day compared with placebo. The writers concluded that Atorvastatin daily is safe an in cut downing the hazard of first cardiovascular disease events, in patients with type 2 diabetes irrespective of low baseline LDL-C degrees and that patients with type 2 diabetes should reciecve lipid-lowering medicine therapy regardless of LDL- C degrees. As with The HPS one of the chief strengths of the CARDS test was the survey design. The random allotment of participants to groups helped to minimise systematic prejudice and the similarity in the baseline features described between each group increased the internal cogency of the consequences. As this piece of research was original in footings of the fact that it was the first survey to specifically look into the effects of statin therapy specifically in patients with type 2 diabetes the significance of the consequences themselves are another strength of the survey and played a major function in the development of the American diabetes association guidelines which now recommend that all grownups over the age of 40 with diabetes should have lipid-lowering medicine therapy. At the 2nd interim analysis a important difference was reported in favor of Lipitor at and following reccomendations from the safety supervising board the tests was terminated 2 old ages earlier than anticipated. H ad the test been allowed to go on the consequences may hold showed even greater benefits of lipid-lowering medicine therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes and more clearly demonstrated the sustainability of these effects. The multicenter facet of the survey design should hold allowed for a wider scope of population groups ( e.g. people from different cultural, environmental or cultural backgrounds ) and the ability to compare consequences among Centres, all of which would increase the generalizability of the survey. However participants included in the CARDS test were 78 % male and 95 % white which may non be representative of the type 2 diabetic population in the UK and Ireland and which question the dependability of any decisions made from the survey findings. The CARDS test was partially funded by Pfizer Incooperated an atorvastatin maker who were besides responsible for planing the computing machine generated randomization codifications and pre boxing all the drugs used in the survey. Although the study itself was prepared independently of support beginnings, while Pfizer Incooperated have an involvement in showing the benefits of atorvastatin struggle of involvement can non be ruled out. The Atorvastatin Study for Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease Endpoints ( ASPEN ) , 2006 once more, aimed to look into the consequence of 10mg of Lipitor versus a placebo on cardiovascular bar in patients with type 2 diabetes and LDL-C degrees below the current guideline marks. This paper describes a survey which was originally designed as a randomized dual blind placebo controlled analysis. 2410 participants were indiscriminately assigned to have either 10mg of atorvastatin day-to-day or a placebo drug with a follow up continuance of 4 old ages. Inclusion standards were work forces and adult females with diagnosed type 2 diabetes and LDL-C degrees of less than3.6 mmol/l. The primary end points for analysis were cardiovascular related decease or major cardiovascular event such as: myocardial infarction or shot. The writers found that those participants allocated to have 10mg of atorvastatin day-to-day demonstrated a average decrease of about 0.9 mmol/l and a 10 % decrease in primary results over the 4 twelvemonth follow up period. The writers concluded that although the ASPEN survey did non corroborate the benefit of lipid-lowering medicine therapy it does non alter the fact that the bulk of diabetic patients are at hazard of cardiovascular disease and merit LDL cholesterin take downing to recommended marks. The dual blind survey design strengthened the dependability of the ASPEN test findings as both the participants and the research workers were incognizant of who had been allocated to which intervention group. This minimized the possibility of research worker prejudice which could hold potentially invalidated the consequences. The survey had an extended exclusion standards including with type 1 diabetics and any patient who had experienced a myocardial infarction, interventional processs or episode of unstable angina 3 months prior to the start of the survey. This resulted in a sample of participants with fewer hazard factors than in old surveies which meant that the consequences can be more confidently attributed to the intervention. ? ? ? However patients with implicit in vascular disease were included in the survey therefore theintervention of lipid-lowering medicine therapy could be considered secondary bar which could potentially impact consequences. The survey was conducted 14 different states in 4 continents nevertheless the writers mention no analysis to find the baseline similarity in baseline features of the sample. The sample was 84 % white and 64 % male which is unrepresentative people with type 2 diabetes worldwide and therefore it is hard generalise the findings of this survey. Another survey which questioned the the justification for current guidelines associating to statin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes was conducted by Wanner et Al. ( 2005 ) . The test was a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, prospective survey of 1255 topics with type 2 diabetes having care haemodialysis. Participant were indiscriminately assigned to have either 20 milligram of atorvastatin per twenty-four hours or a duplicate placebo. The primary terminal points were cardiovascular related mortality, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and shot. The survey found that Lipitor had no important consequence on the decrease of primary terminal points in those patients allocated to have atorvastatin day-to-day. The writers concluded that everyday lipid-lowering medicine intervention to forestall the cardiovascular hazard factors associated with type 2 diabetes is non warranted in patients who are having care hemodialysis. Similar to old surveies the design of this test maximized the dependability and cogency of its findings by utilizing a dual blind method to cut down the possibility of research worker prejudice. The usage of a control group besides allowed comparings to be made between the effects of Lipitor and the placebo. The sample size of 1255 was calculated to be suffcient to let a 90 % power to observe a 27 % decrease in primary terminal points and the follow up period of 4 old ages demonstrated the permanent consequence of these consequences. The survey sample included a broad age scope of people between the ages of 18 and 80 from 178 Centres across Germany increasing the representativeness of the findings. Despite the fact that the survey demonstrated no cardiovascular hazard decrease, the possibility that the pathogenesis of cardiovascular events in patients having hemodialysis possibly different from those patients with type 2 diabetes but no terminal phase nephritic disease must be consid ered when pulling decisions sing the bar of CVD utilizing statin therapy.